Leghorn
The term Leghorn refers to two distinct things, both originating from the Italian city of Livorno (historically known in English as Leghorn):
What is Leghorn?
The term Leghorn refers to two distinct things, both originating from the Italian city of Livorno (historically known in English as Leghorn):
- Poultry: It is a well-known breed of chicken that originated in Italy. It is the only Mediterranean breed of significant importance today. The single-comb White Leghorn is the most popular variety and is recognized globally as a leading egg producer, known for laying white eggs.12
- Material and Fashion: The term also refers to a fine, plaited straw made from Italian wheat, as well as a hat crafted from this specific type of straw.2
How did the Leghorn breed get its name from Italy?
The name Leghorn is an anglicized version of Livorno, a port city located in the Tuscany region of central Italy.
The breed of chicken and the specific type of plaited straw used for hats both derive their names directly from this city, which served as the point of origin or export for these goods. While the term “Leghorn” became the standard English name for these items, it remains synonymous with the Italian commune of Livorno.21
What are the differences between white and brown egg-laying breeds?
The primary difference between white and brown egg-laying breeds is genetic, as the color of an eggshell is determined by the breed of the hen that laid it3.
Genetic Indicators
A simple way to distinguish between these breeds is by observing the hen’s earlobes:
- White-egg layers: Hens with white earlobes typically produce white eggs.3
- Brown-egg layers: Hens with red earlobes generally produce brown eggs.3
Breed Characteristics and Usage
While diet and environment can influence the shade or vibrancy of an eggshell, they cannot change the fundamental color, which remains fixed by genetics. In the commercial industry, the single-comb White Leghorn—a Mediterranean breed—is the standard for prolific egg production. Conversely, many American breeds, such as the Rhode Island Red, are often dual-purpose, valued for both meat and brown eggs.34
Despite common misconceptions, there is no difference in the nutritional profile between white and brown eggs.3
What is the history of straw hat making in Italy?
Sources
- Leghorn — Encyclopædia Britannica
- leghorn — Merriam-Webster
- Why are some eggs brown and some white? — Encyclopædia Britannica
- Poultry farming - Chickens — Encyclopædia Britannica
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